As with any surgical procedure, vasectomy reversal carries with it some risk of complications. Fortunately most of these are rare. Similar to recovery from the vasectomy procedure itself, pain, mild swelling, and minimal bruising are common. Typically oral pain medication, ice, and a few days rest will take care of these complications. More serious risks and complications, however, must be considered by anyone before consenting to a vasectomy reversal.
Since a general anesthetic is commonly used for the vasectomy reversal, fatigue and overall muscle aches as a result are common. Like the swelling and bruising of the incisions, these are generally gone with in a day or two. However, fever, which can be a sign of infection, should not be present at any time. If the fever is accompanied by a yellow discharge from the incision along with an increase in swelling, an infection at the operative site may be present. Not only does this pose a threat for the patient's health but infection can also cause the vasectomy reversal to fail. If begun early, antibiotics can prevent damage from infection. Call the physician immediately if any signs of infection occur.
While some bruising is typical, a swollen, often hard and very tender area on the scrotum right after surgery can signal the development of a hematoma or blood clot. This occurs in approximately 5% of vasectomy reversals and is another reason they can fail. The surgeon should be notified immediately of the situation for assessment and drainage of a hematoma if one exists.
A more serious complication, which occurs less frequently, is a sperm granuloma. This occurs when sperm leaks into the scrotum after surgery. A reaction occurs as the body sees the sperm as foreign material. Over weeks to months a firm, painful nodule appears. This is first treated with anti-inflammatory medication. If the pain persists, the nodule may have to be surgically removed. Also, this complication may indicate the vasectomy reversal surgery may not be successful.
The least common but most worrisome risk of vasectomy reversal surgery is an injury to a nerve or blood vessel. This is rare since great care is taken to avoid such complications but nerves and/or blood vessels are not always in an exact location. Unfortunately this complication also decreases the likelihood of success for the vasectomy reversal. With a nerve or blood vessel injury sexual side effects may also occur.
While these risks are present, men considering vasectomy reversal should discuss any concerns they have with their physician. Vasectomy reversal is statistically safe and successful in the majority of patients who choose to undergo the procedure. Consult a physician for more information.
